WEBVTT 00:00:00.322 --> 00:00:07.084 - OK, hey, welcome everybody. Have a seat if you're just coming in. We have 80% of our candidates here. 00:00:07.084 --> 00:00:13.713 - We're going to start in in the interest of time. Hopefully, Tim Peck will be joining us shortly. He 00:00:13.713 --> 00:00:20.741 - confirmed that he's going to be here. Maybe one of the topics of conversation will be traffic and parking 00:00:20.741 --> 00:00:23.326 - in Bloomington or something like that. 00:00:23.490 --> 00:00:31.213 - My name is Michael Hamburger. On behalf of our group, Concerned Scientists at IU, I'm really pleased 00:00:31.213 --> 00:00:38.859 - to welcome everybody to our Candidates Forum on Science, Technology, and the Environment. A special 00:00:38.859 --> 00:00:46.582 - welcome to our four and hopefully soon five candidates to be here. Our audience here, we have a live 00:00:46.582 --> 00:00:50.558 - stream audience, maybe both on YouTube and on BCAT. 00:00:50.946 --> 00:00:59.424 - Thank you, all of you, for joining us. I want to say a word quickly about Concerned Scientists at IU. 00:00:59.424 --> 00:01:07.819 - For those who don't know about it, we are a nonpartisan campus and community coalition started by IU 00:01:07.819 --> 00:01:14.302 - faculty, staff, and students in 2017 in response to threats to the scientific 00:01:14.370 --> 00:01:22.145 - mission of our of our research world We've grown to over a thousand members we Sponsor a whole variety 00:01:22.145 --> 00:01:29.768 - of community and campus events speakers and activities legislative action Regular weekly news digest 00:01:29.768 --> 00:01:37.467 - educational programs and I'm going to be pleased in a second to introduce our student group advocates 00:01:37.467 --> 00:01:44.336 - for science at IU Who's been very active the last couple years if you haven't done so yet? 00:01:44.336 --> 00:01:51.025 - On your way out, please join our CSIU mailing list and you can hear about upcoming events. I want to 00:01:51.025 --> 00:01:57.847 - make a few important acknowledgments to our, in addition to Advocates for Science at IU, we have three 00:01:57.847 --> 00:02:04.736 - community co-sponsors, Citizens' Climate Lobby of South Central Indiana, the Green Sanctuary Task Force 00:02:04.736 --> 00:02:12.286 - of the Unitarian Universalist Church of Bloomington, and the League of Women Voters of Bloomington Monroe County. 00:02:12.418 --> 00:02:20.327 - And also a big thank you to the library staff and BCAT for setting up this beautiful venue. How about 00:02:20.327 --> 00:02:28.158 - a little round of applause for all their help setting this up. I believe this is the third candidate 00:02:28.290 --> 00:02:35.511 - forum that we've sponsored, focusing specifically on science and science policy. And we claim until 00:02:35.511 --> 00:02:42.731 - proved otherwise that this is the first ever in the country with that kind of specific focus. We've 00:02:42.731 --> 00:02:49.518 - invited all of the candidates for the ninth congressional district election to join us today. 00:02:49.518 --> 00:02:57.822 - And five of, no, four of them are here today. Jim Graham, Brad Meyer, Tim Peck hopefully will be joining us, Kyle, 00:02:57.922 --> 00:03:04.575 - Rourke, and Floyd Taylor. And we did invite our incumbent Representative Erin Houchin. She declined, 00:03:04.575 --> 00:03:11.294 - but all of the candidates will be invited to submit written answers to questions following the forum, 00:03:11.294 --> 00:03:17.947 - and she and others will have a chance to respond. I do have an important request for all of us. This 00:03:17.947 --> 00:03:24.798 - is kind of an old-fashioned exercise in civil discourse, so let's be sure to show how well it can work. 00:03:24.930 --> 00:03:31.315 - Everybody just be nice to one another, just be nice to the audience, be nice to the candidates, to one 00:03:31.315 --> 00:03:37.700 - another, and to our student moderators. And I think we have to be cognizant of time, including myself. 00:03:37.700 --> 00:03:43.899 - We have a short window here because the library, thanks to budget cuts, now closes at 7 p.m. sharp. 00:03:43.899 --> 00:03:50.285 - So we're gonna get everybody, me, I'm supposed to be out? No, no, no, no. Tell everybody to turn their 00:03:50.285 --> 00:03:54.686 - phones off. Oh, thank you. I thought that was a sign I should get off. 00:03:54.818 --> 00:04:01.737 - This is the sign for me to get up. Okay. Yes, turn your silence your damn phones. And an important reminder, 00:04:01.737 --> 00:04:08.149 - one of the things that we regretted about squeezing it in before seven o'clock is that we won't have 00:04:08.149 --> 00:04:15.005 - time for that informal conversation. So we are inviting all of you and our candidates to join us afterwards 00:04:15.005 --> 00:04:18.750 - in the upstairs at Lenny's Brew Pub, just out to the left. 00:04:19.042 --> 00:04:25.193 - Down the street, the beers are on your own, but a good chance for conversation with our candidates if 00:04:25.193 --> 00:04:31.223 - they're available. So please join us afterwards. So I think that's it for now. Without further ado, 00:04:31.223 --> 00:04:37.434 - let me ask our student moderators, Emma Broach and Tyler Morris, to introduce themselves, say a little 00:04:37.434 --> 00:04:43.102 - bit about Advocates for Science at IU, and get us started with the forum. Emma, take it away. 00:04:49.570 --> 00:04:55.931 - Hi everybody, my name's Emma Broach and I'm a sophomore at IU. I'm majoring in Journalism and Environmental 00:04:55.931 --> 00:05:01.939 - and Sustainability Studies and myself and Tyler and Adela and a few other people around here all lead 00:05:01.939 --> 00:05:08.064 - the student affiliate organization Advocates for Science at IU. We work with CSIU in all of our events, 00:05:08.064 --> 00:05:13.954 - but we also do some student-centered things. But we're here today to co-sponsor and Tyler and I are 00:05:13.954 --> 00:05:18.430 - going to be in charge of asking all of the questions and introducing all of 00:05:18.594 --> 00:05:23.944 - the structure of today. So I wanted to talk about how today is gonna work. First, we're going to allow 00:05:23.944 --> 00:05:29.450 - all of the candidates to give one-minute introductions about themselves. Then, we're gonna have a general 00:05:29.450 --> 00:05:34.644 - questions section with questions that we prepared. It's gonna be four questions, and each candidate 00:05:34.644 --> 00:05:39.890 - gets two minutes to answer each question. These questions were provided to the candidates in advance 00:05:39.890 --> 00:05:45.292 - so they could kind of think through them ahead of time. But after this general questions section, we're 00:05:45.292 --> 00:05:47.422 - going to have a lightning round section. 00:05:47.522 --> 00:05:54.288 - This is going to be four to five questions that are a little bit more yes or no type answers, and the 00:05:54.288 --> 00:05:57.406 - candidates were not provided these in advance. 00:05:57.922 --> 00:06:02.936 - And then after that, we're going to have time for a few audience questions. We apologize. We're going 00:06:02.936 --> 00:06:07.852 - to have to limit that number to probably only three or four questions, depending on our timing. The 00:06:07.852 --> 00:06:12.768 - candidates will also have about 45 seconds to respond to those. And unfortunately, to anybody who's 00:06:12.768 --> 00:06:17.782 - joining on the livestream, we will not have time to answer any livestream questions. But yeah, that's 00:06:17.782 --> 00:06:22.747 - kind of the general structure. And now Tyler can introduce himself and talk about audience questions 00:06:22.747 --> 00:06:24.222 - and how that's going to work. 00:06:27.490 --> 00:06:32.548 - So hi, everyone. I'm Tyler Morris. I'm a senior nutrition science student on the pre-med track here 00:06:32.548 --> 00:06:37.657 - at IU. And as Emma mentioned, I'm one of the co-presidents along with her and a few others, and I'll 00:06:37.657 --> 00:06:42.816 - be co-moderating today. So just one thing I wanted to mention real quick about the general questions. 00:06:42.816 --> 00:06:48.127 - Those will be the first four questions. Candidates are gonna have two minutes to answer those. I'm gonna 00:06:48.127 --> 00:06:53.185 - hold up a little 30-second time sheet to let you know you have 30 seconds left, so just look for me 00:06:53.185 --> 00:06:55.006 - over there while you're doing that. 00:06:55.106 --> 00:07:00.702 - And then, we'll have to cut you guys off at two minutes to keep things going. And then, yeah, after 00:07:00.702 --> 00:07:06.130 - the general questions, as Emma mentioned, we'll go into the lightning round questions. And then, 00:07:06.130 --> 00:07:11.838 - after that, hopefully, we have time for about three or four audience questions. And Adela over there, 00:07:11.838 --> 00:07:17.266 - one of our co-presidents, she will collect index cards from you guys if you guys have questions. 00:07:17.266 --> 00:07:22.526 - And then, yeah, after that, we'll have closing statements from candidates, and that'll be it. 00:07:26.434 --> 00:07:33.572 - Yeah, if you want an index card and you didn't already grab one, just raise your hand, flag down Adela, 00:07:33.572 --> 00:07:40.436 - and she can come give you an index card. You can write your question and then have them into her by 00:07:40.436 --> 00:07:47.368 - the middle of the lightning round. OK, so without further ado, I'm going to allow all the candidates 00:07:47.368 --> 00:07:54.232 - to introduce themselves. So whoever wants to start first. Go for it. Hi. Is my mic on? No. A little 00:07:54.232 --> 00:07:56.222 - closer to it, maybe. Hi. OK. 00:07:57.346 --> 00:08:04.855 - So I'm Jim Graham, Democratic candidate for Congress in the 9th District. I grew up here in Monroe County 00:08:04.855 --> 00:08:12.152 - and I actually attended a high school science summer institute at IU after my junior year at Edgewood. 00:08:12.152 --> 00:08:19.519 - I studied engineering at Rose-Hulman and worked for General Motors for some years. I did graduate study 00:08:19.519 --> 00:08:24.478 - at that university up in West Lafayette and then I taught engineering 00:08:24.706 --> 00:08:30.674 - at Purdue Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the Speed School at the University of Louisville, where 00:08:30.674 --> 00:08:36.468 - I was a department chair for seven years. As I got close to retirement, I got together with some of 00:08:36.468 --> 00:08:42.494 - my colleagues and tried to commercialize some of the research that we had been doing for the Department 00:08:42.494 --> 00:08:48.578 - of Homeland Security and Cybersecurity and started a tech startup company, and I served as CEO for seven 00:08:48.578 --> 00:08:51.070 - years. As a science person my entire life, 00:08:51.362 --> 00:08:58.486 - I've always felt that we should use rational analysis for problem solving. That's why I'm so dismayed 00:08:58.486 --> 00:09:06.099 - by what's happened in this country for the past 25 years. The anti-science misinformation and disinformation 00:09:06.099 --> 00:09:12.595 - that has flooded the internet, in my opinion, now threatens to slow or even reverse a lot of 00:09:12.595 --> 00:09:19.230 - the science-based progress made since World War II. I hope we can talk a little bit about that 00:09:19.554 --> 00:09:27.744 - tonight, why science is not held in the same high regard it was back in the 60s. I look forward to this 00:09:27.744 --> 00:09:35.855 - discussion today, answering some questions, and I look forward to a lively debate. Hi. I'm Brad Meyer. 00:09:35.855 --> 00:09:43.966 - Thank you all for being here tonight. I'm an electrical engineer. Most of us are electrical engineers. 00:09:44.130 --> 00:09:52.507 - So I'm a user of science and certainly appreciate it. And science is under attack. This administration 00:09:52.507 --> 00:10:00.152 - is purging science like 10,000% from decision making. The proposed science cuts are historic. 00:10:00.152 --> 00:10:08.285 - NIH is 40%. NASA's 47. NSF is 58%. Thousands of grants have been delayed, frozen, or terminated due 00:10:08.285 --> 00:10:13.246 - to structural changes that they've made to undercut science. 00:10:13.602 --> 00:10:19.612 - This is how we're losing science capacity and we're going to lose talent. But the same things are happening 00:10:19.612 --> 00:10:25.232 - here at IU where they're increasing centralization of decision making, political power is overtaking 00:10:25.232 --> 00:10:30.908 - university governance, and suppression of free speech is coming through, you know, what they did with 00:10:30.908 --> 00:10:36.751 - Don Meadow and then the Indiana Daily student. Congress has the authority to stop all of this, but right 00:10:36.751 --> 00:10:40.702 - now our congresswoman is rubber stamping everything that goes through. 00:10:41.122 --> 00:10:49.271 - The Union of Concerned Scientists is critical because they defend accuracy, bridge expertise to policy, 00:10:49.271 --> 00:10:57.342 - and engage the public with evidence. That work matters because facts require defenders. I'm asking for 00:10:57.342 --> 00:11:05.726 - your vote on May 5th to be that defender in Washington. Thank you. Good afternoon. My name is Kyle Rourke. 00:11:06.210 --> 00:11:13.600 - And I'm a former semi-line mechanic, UAW, and Navy officer, and electrical engineer as well, licensed 00:11:13.600 --> 00:11:21.207 - electrical engineering. I actually took the exam while I was in the Navy. And so when you take the exam, 00:11:21.207 --> 00:11:29.104 - you're legally responsible to, you know, indicate that on any type of advertisements relative to consulting. 00:11:29.104 --> 00:11:31.422 - But regarding that, I've had a, 00:11:31.746 --> 00:11:39.269 - broad experience at Chrysler, Cummins, Rolls Royce, and at Ford doing design and development work all 00:11:39.269 --> 00:11:46.793 - the way from a mechanic perspective all the way through design and development, reliability, quality, 00:11:46.793 --> 00:11:54.464 - releasing, and taking into account the voice of the customer and what requires there. So I have a broad 00:11:54.464 --> 00:11:58.078 - experience from that. I also taught at Ivy Tech. 00:11:58.210 --> 00:12:05.055 - for three or so years. So I understand what it takes to take a technology and teach it and have folks 00:12:05.055 --> 00:12:12.102 - use it out in the real world so they can get a good paying job. My background is, you know, I came here, 00:12:12.102 --> 00:12:18.880 - got married into the state in 95, my first wife's from Jackson County, and I've been raising my four 00:12:18.880 --> 00:12:25.927 - children here since then pretty much, since basically I was seven. And deeply worried about this country 00:12:25.927 --> 00:12:27.806 - relative to disinformation. 00:12:28.034 --> 00:12:34.807 - And the fact that we don't follow the truth anymore, what facts are and what, you know, you hear a lot 00:12:34.807 --> 00:12:41.646 - about alternative facts. That's discouraging, that's very disheartening, because facts are facts. There 00:12:41.646 --> 00:12:48.222 - is no alternative facts. And while I'm one of those evidence-based type folks, I want to follow the 00:12:48.222 --> 00:12:54.930 - data, where it goes, where it lies. And I support that, you know, from a public policy standpoint and 00:12:54.930 --> 00:12:56.574 - from a STEM perspective. 00:12:56.802 --> 00:13:04.172 - When I was in the Navy from an educational standpoint, I did notice that a lot of our folks coming into 00:13:04.172 --> 00:13:11.330 - the Navy just trying to get STEM-type roles, whether it's to be a mechanic or electrician, they were 00:13:11.330 --> 00:13:18.842 - really struggling with mathematics. And so we need, from a public policy standpoint, to look at solutions 00:13:18.842 --> 00:13:26.142 - that provide folks to get into those STEM communities pretty easily because we need STEM professionals 00:13:26.370 --> 00:13:33.076 - I've read an article just recently. We're falling behind. A lot of folks are retiring, and we need to 00:13:33.076 --> 00:13:40.177 - backfill those roles. So appreciate your vote. My name is Kyle Rourke. Go to KyleRourke.com, and appreciate 00:13:40.177 --> 00:13:47.212 - your vote, May 5th. Thank you. I'm Floyd Taylor. And while I'm not a career scientist, I have deep respect 00:13:47.212 --> 00:13:54.050 - for the scientific method, and I've spent my entire career in technical fields. I worked as a chemistry 00:13:54.050 --> 00:13:55.102 - lab technician, 00:13:55.202 --> 00:14:01.658 - manage hazardous waste treatment, and run a wastewater treatment plant, jobs where evidence and procedure 00:14:01.658 --> 00:14:08.053 - are paramount. I'm a platinum sponsor of the American Association for the Advancement of Science because 00:14:08.053 --> 00:14:14.631 - I believe in supporting robust independent research. I'm running to bring that same evidence-based approach 00:14:14.631 --> 00:14:20.965 - to government. And in all seriousness, as we tackle these complex issues, it's good to keep perspective 00:14:20.965 --> 00:14:24.254 - and remember the immortal words of Socrates who said, 00:14:24.866 --> 00:14:31.808 - I drink what? Thank you all for introducing yourselves. One other thing I wanted to note before we get 00:14:31.808 --> 00:14:38.683 - started is that since we have such limited time, each of you only has two minutes to respond to these 00:14:38.683 --> 00:14:45.491 - questions. So there's not much time for response to the other candidates unless you want to use some 00:14:45.491 --> 00:14:52.433 - of those two minutes to respond to another candidate. But kind of our goal here was to be educational. 00:14:52.433 --> 00:14:54.590 - So yeah, take that as you will. 00:14:54.722 --> 00:15:00.749 - All right, now we can get started with general questions. You guys can go in whatever order you want. 00:15:00.749 --> 00:15:06.893 - And reminder, it's two minutes answers per question. Number one, over the last two years, a combination 00:15:06.893 --> 00:15:13.216 - of executive actions, personnel losses, and funding decisions have deeply impacted academic and government 00:15:13.216 --> 00:15:19.124 - research institutions. What congressional actions would you support to help restore U.S. leadership 00:15:19.124 --> 00:15:20.542 - in scientific research? 00:15:24.770 --> 00:15:33.596 - and we might as well just go down the line every time. No? Oh, yeah. Got to be really close to this 00:15:33.596 --> 00:15:42.774 - mic. The bottom line is we're killing the goose that laid the golden egg. Basic research done at places 00:15:42.774 --> 00:15:51.070 - like IU has driven the American economy since World War II and made us the envy of the world. 00:16:01.282 --> 00:16:10.641 - Yes. Test, test, test. Yeah, is there an electrical engineer in the house? Okay, so let's just try this. 00:16:10.641 --> 00:16:20.000 - I was a university professor for 30 plus years. Can you hear me in the back? Good. All right. The bottom 00:16:20.000 --> 00:16:29.269 - line is we're killing the goose that laid golden egg. Basic research like the university and that place 00:16:29.269 --> 00:16:31.230 - up in West Lafayette. 00:16:31.970 --> 00:16:40.798 - have driven our economy since World War II. And we made us the envy of the world. Now, obviously, the 00:16:40.798 --> 00:16:49.453 - Trump administration, as Brad pointed out, definitely is hostile to science. In the FY 2026 budget, 00:16:49.453 --> 00:16:58.800 - he suggested a 57% cut to NSF, 40% cut to NIH. The good news is the Congress didn't do that. They basically 00:16:58.800 --> 00:17:01.310 - left NSF flat, gave a small, 00:17:01.506 --> 00:17:09.129 - increase the NIH. But basically those same numbers are back for next year's budget. So we'll have to 00:17:09.129 --> 00:17:16.677 - see what happens there. In addition, as pointed out, there have been many of the leaders of NSF and 00:17:16.677 --> 00:17:24.376 - NIH have been forced to resign. Either they've resigned or they've just had so much pressure. Some of 00:17:24.376 --> 00:17:29.886 - them have actually been fired. As Brad pointed out also, there have been 00:17:30.082 --> 00:17:36.482 - constitutional sequesters of research money, money that was allocated in the administration. No, you 00:17:36.482 --> 00:17:42.882 - can't have this unless you do this, unless you do that, okay? So, now let's talk about reality for a 00:17:42.882 --> 00:17:49.472 - minute. Congress appears to think more of science than the president does. That's good. I think we have 00:17:49.472 --> 00:17:55.808 - to be realistic how much we can do as a newly elected congressman. The next two years is gonna be a 00:17:55.808 --> 00:17:59.230 - war. Let me tell you, we're gonna be playing defense. 00:17:59.394 --> 00:18:14.044 - for everything that's decent and good about this country. And science is no exception. Thank you. 00:18:14.044 --> 00:18:26.302 - Mic check. All right. Here we go. Say again. Okay. Thank you. So, as I mentioned, 00:18:26.786 --> 00:18:35.628 - propose the science cuts 40% NIH, NASA 47, NSF 57, and then the Department of Energy between 15 and 00:18:35.628 --> 00:18:44.559 - 50%. And they're undercutting the basics of funding, but they're also doing things like interference 00:18:44.559 --> 00:18:54.462 - and competitive grant review, centralized control of funding, and program prioritization based on, there we go. 00:18:55.234 --> 00:19:05.221 - Bingo. Thank you. Based on political criteria, this is undercutting our ability to do research, and 00:19:05.221 --> 00:19:15.208 - it's also undercutting the ability for people to speak freely. Now we've gone, we've fallen off the 00:19:15.208 --> 00:19:22.398 - other side of the horse, as the Hungarians would say. All right. Sorry. 00:19:22.498 --> 00:19:30.718 - there's a wide variety of organizations or different mechanisms like the CBER and CIDR and EPSCOR and 00:19:30.718 --> 00:19:38.857 - DARPA and Small Business Administration that all play together in this and basically if they cut the 00:19:38.857 --> 00:19:46.110 - funding there isn't going to be anywhere to put that and research is hugely important and 00:19:47.010 --> 00:19:52.718 - The big thing that I'm concerned about is freedom of expression and the ability for people to speak 00:19:52.718 --> 00:19:58.597 - the truth. I don't know where I am in time because of the interruptions. But, you know, the difference 00:19:58.597 --> 00:20:04.362 - between a good idea and a dumb idea, it's actually the same. It starts out with one person believing 00:20:04.362 --> 00:20:10.127 - it. And science is the way we figure out which is a good idea and which is a dumb idea. And we can't 00:20:10.127 --> 00:20:11.326 - turn away from that. 00:20:20.514 --> 00:20:27.410 - Yeah, I'll take the opportunity. Thank you so much. So I'm Tim Peck. I'm a physician, an ER doctor in 00:20:27.410 --> 00:20:34.238 - southern Indiana. I'm so sorry that I was a bit late here, had some travel difficulties. I was chief 00:20:34.238 --> 00:20:40.999 - resident at the Harvard Program for Emergency Medicine, did some genomic research, published in the 00:20:40.999 --> 00:20:43.230 - New England Journal of Medicine. 00:20:43.426 --> 00:20:51.046 - have had a number of health tech companies and invented telemedicine technology. So that's my credentials 00:20:51.046 --> 00:20:58.306 - in terms of this particular forum. But maybe most importantly, I've spent years by the bedside as an 00:20:58.306 --> 00:21:05.854 - emergency physician with increasingly skeptical public. What I've learned treating those people is this. 00:21:06.882 --> 00:21:13.868 - We know how to develop new science and technology. That's not the problem, although it is under great 00:21:13.868 --> 00:21:20.718 - pressure, and we need to fight to protect it. But the deeper challenge is helping people understand 00:21:20.718 --> 00:21:27.910 - it, trust it, see how it applies to their farms and their jobs and their food and their health and their 00:21:27.910 --> 00:21:34.622 - freedoms. And because if people don't trust science, they won't use it, and if they don't use it, 00:21:35.138 --> 00:21:42.702 - It doesn't matter how good the science and technology is. So I'm running to be a leader to bridge that 00:21:42.702 --> 00:21:50.193 - gap, to bridge the gap between facts and beliefs, and make sure that all of our work as scientists is 00:21:50.193 --> 00:21:57.610 - trusted again. In terms of this question, I'll be very brief, but the basics here is that we need to 00:21:57.610 --> 00:22:04.734 - move back to peer review and from political appointees, and back to evidence away from politics, 00:22:05.218 --> 00:22:12.556 - and that our academic research and our academic freedoms and our institutional independence should be 00:22:12.556 --> 00:22:19.967 - tied to federal funding. If we want to give out federal funding, we need to make sure our systems, our 00:22:19.967 --> 00:22:27.449 - schools, are allowing us to be free to make the decisions we need as academicians. And so through that, 00:22:27.449 --> 00:22:31.838 - we can restore some trust and leadership. Thank you so much. 00:22:36.482 --> 00:22:45.746 - Testing, testing, oh, excellent. Okay, so, you know, my first step would be to obviously reinstitute 00:22:45.746 --> 00:22:55.011 - the funding cuts, you know, for any and all science programs. You know, DOE, CIA, NSA, and the like. 00:22:55.011 --> 00:22:59.230 - I mean, that's step one. Two, we need to fire 00:22:59.426 --> 00:23:06.182 - all the appointees, obviously, who don't have a science background. Okay, so let's start with the Secretary 00:23:06.182 --> 00:23:12.626 - of Navy who has an investment banking background. I bet a million dollars he's never been on a carrier 00:23:12.626 --> 00:23:19.195 - in his life, but yet he's managing the Department of the, yes, Secretary of the, Department of the Navy, 00:23:19.195 --> 00:23:25.888 - right? So we need to start with that. Let's put people who have that electrical engineering, math, science 00:23:25.888 --> 00:23:28.766 - background in those roles. And then secondly, 00:23:29.122 --> 00:23:36.379 - We don't talk a whole lot about patents and copyrights. I have some friends of mine at the patent office. 00:23:36.379 --> 00:23:43.363 - They need patent agents like no tomorrow. I mean, it takes probably a year and a half to two years to 00:23:43.363 --> 00:23:50.209 - get a patent through, and it's getting worse and worse and worse. We need to pay patent agents more 00:23:50.209 --> 00:23:55.070 - money to keep people, and we also need to fully fund them to encourage 00:23:55.170 --> 00:24:02.027 - Innovation, right? Because if patents don't flow, innovation doesn't occur. And if innovation doesn't 00:24:02.027 --> 00:24:08.884 - occur, you don't have a good economy, and companies won't invest and create jobs. And that's what I'm 00:24:08.884 --> 00:24:15.674 - all about, is creating jobs and opportunities for our people here in the 9th congressional district. 00:24:15.674 --> 00:24:22.801 - So from a funding perspective, yes, obviously, I would return any and all funding cuts back to the normal 00:24:22.801 --> 00:24:24.414 - basically Biden levels. 00:24:24.706 --> 00:24:33.191 - But also, we have to get back to science as facts, not alternative facts, no misinformation. And obviously, 00:24:33.191 --> 00:24:41.677 - I'd be an advocate for that. I'm a licensed election engineer. I'm obligated to stick to the facts wherever 00:24:41.677 --> 00:24:49.534 - it goes. And that would be my policy position and my approach as a US congressional representative. 00:24:49.534 --> 00:24:50.398 - Thank you. 00:24:54.594 --> 00:25:00.796 - Over the past two years, we've seen alarming erosion of our scientific infrastructure. I would support 00:25:00.796 --> 00:25:07.179 - several key congressional actions. First, fully funding the Chips and Science Act to restore our research 00:25:07.179 --> 00:25:13.381 - capacity. Second, establishing protected research funding streams that can't be diverted for political 00:25:13.381 --> 00:25:19.644 - purposes. Third, creating a congressional science office similar to the Office of Technology Assessment 00:25:19.644 --> 00:25:23.678 - to provide lawmakers with nonpartisan scientific analysis. Fourth, 00:25:23.810 --> 00:25:30.800 - strengthening protections for government scientists from political interference. Fifth, expanding the 00:25:30.800 --> 00:25:37.722 - grant programs based through NSF, NIH, and DOE with particular focus on early career researchers who 00:25:37.722 --> 00:25:44.712 - have been disproportionately affected by funding instability. These actions would help restore global 00:25:44.712 --> 00:25:51.633 - leadership while ensuring science remains independent and robust. Thank you all. Our second question 00:25:51.633 --> 00:25:53.278 - is about health policy. 00:25:54.018 --> 00:26:01.385 - Health policy decisions at the state and federal levels have deeply impacted healthcare in our district. 00:26:01.385 --> 00:26:08.612 - Among them are Medicaid funding cutbacks, changes to vaccine and public health policy, and limitations 00:26:08.612 --> 00:26:15.698 - on government and academic research labs. With this as context, what congressional actions would you 00:26:15.698 --> 00:26:23.486 - support to strengthen public health in our country? I'm gonna start with an accusation that Robert Kennedy Jr. 00:26:24.034 --> 00:26:32.832 - There's a crackpot and a charlatan. Yeah, and Brad can add to that. What an insult to American science 00:26:32.832 --> 00:26:41.544 - to have a person who doubts basic vaccine science as the leader of our health policy in this country. 00:26:41.544 --> 00:26:50.428 - As a result, there's been lots of key turnover and key resignations at the National Institute of Health 00:26:50.428 --> 00:26:52.734 - replacing highly qualified 00:26:53.570 --> 00:27:01.183 - career world-renowned scientists with marginally qualified hacks who support RFK's crackpot views. Sad. 00:27:01.183 --> 00:27:08.723 - Again, I'm going to be the guy, I think, that does the reality check every time. It's going to be very 00:27:08.723 --> 00:27:15.970 - hard to undo the damage in a single Congress. I think that we can personally probably put together 00:27:15.970 --> 00:27:22.558 - impeachment in cases against other agency heads. I'm not so sure if that'll work for RFK. 00:27:23.234 --> 00:27:32.940 - Maybe he'll say something that insults Trump and he'll get fired. That's probably our best hope. But 00:27:32.940 --> 00:27:43.320 - regardless, like in the case of NSF, we have to fight against politicization of funding for health research 00:27:43.320 --> 00:27:49.278 - and basically get back to the science. Thank you. I try to... 00:27:49.666 --> 00:27:57.430 - a quota that I don't agree with Dr. Peck more than twice in any of these debates. And we're using one 00:27:57.430 --> 00:28:05.195 - early, and that is he made an important point, which is we need to help people get trust in medicine, 00:28:05.195 --> 00:28:12.883 - trust in science back. If we don't have people that trust these results, then we can't make progress 00:28:12.883 --> 00:28:19.582 - anywhere. On the issue specifically of healthcare, I'm advocating for Medicare for all. 00:28:20.162 --> 00:28:26.624 - So everybody gets covered, universal health care. And we need to fight for that. And there are things 00:28:26.624 --> 00:28:33.402 - that we need to do. We need to stabilize hospitals. And we need to make sure that people don't go bankrupt 00:28:33.402 --> 00:28:39.800 - while we're in the process of transitioning, because that's what's happening right now. But Jim also 00:28:39.800 --> 00:28:45.438 - mentioned, from the big picture, aside from health care at the ground level, the NIH and 00:28:45.730 --> 00:28:50.884 - You know, what they're doing there is a travesty, and Congress needs to provide tighter oversight, and 00:28:50.884 --> 00:28:55.987 - they need to have hearings, and they need to get these people kicked out. They should have done their 00:28:55.987 --> 00:29:01.090 - job and never have allowed these people into leadership positions. You know, one of the things you're 00:29:01.090 --> 00:29:06.144 - going to hear a lot of people say, not me, is we can't do much. You know, it's going to be hard, and 00:29:06.144 --> 00:29:09.246 - we're going to have a razor-thin majority, and you know what? 00:29:09.954 --> 00:29:16.675 - The Republicans have a razor-thin majority in the House and the Senate. And while we're wringing our 00:29:16.675 --> 00:29:23.596 - hands saying we're not going to be able to do much with a razor-thin majority, they are checking things 00:29:23.596 --> 00:29:30.716 - off their list on Project 2025. So we've got to fight for this. Thank you. This is about trust, a thousand 00:29:30.716 --> 00:29:38.302 - percent. And, you know, there's two pieces where trust has been violated well before this current administration. 00:29:38.914 --> 00:29:45.782 - by our Congress, by our leaders, no matter what party they're in. First of all, it is too expensive 00:29:45.782 --> 00:29:52.787 - to work in this country. And a lot of that has to do with the money that you pay for health care. And 00:29:52.787 --> 00:29:59.930 - that has been ignored by our Congress. They haven't been able to work together to solve that. It's also 00:29:59.930 --> 00:30:05.630 - about shared decision making. As a physician, I do a lot of that with my patients. 00:30:05.826 --> 00:30:12.506 - just say that vaccines are fine. Vaccines hurt people sometimes. Sometimes. They help a whole lot more 00:30:12.506 --> 00:30:18.992 - people. But if we don't communicate the ups and the downs, we don't get truthful about things, it's 00:30:18.992 --> 00:30:25.477 - really hard to talk to people and they don't trust you. And I see that by the bedside and I've seen 00:30:25.477 --> 00:30:32.028 - that in Congress and I think that's why we've gotten those two reasons or why we've got to the point 00:30:32.028 --> 00:30:34.622 - that we have the leadership that we do. 00:30:35.074 --> 00:30:42.414 - And Congress has abdicated its role of oversight of the executive branch. And some things we need to 00:30:42.414 --> 00:30:49.900 - do are codify our vaccine advisory group. Congress can do that. The executive branch just wiped it out 00:30:49.900 --> 00:30:57.312 - without Congress saying a word. We need to invest in local public health. So federal dollars from, we 00:30:57.312 --> 00:31:00.510 - think about the NIH and the FDA, et cetera, 00:31:01.218 --> 00:31:09.329 - That money needs to go down to the local places where people are actually talking to their local neighbors 00:31:09.329 --> 00:31:17.288 - about the bird flu and how it actually affects them. And then finally, loan repayments of our scientists 00:31:17.288 --> 00:31:24.414 - and our physicians and health workers to be in rural areas, because if your hospital is gone, 00:31:24.738 --> 00:31:32.906 - Your only scientists in your community are gone if you live in a community like I do, farming community 00:31:32.906 --> 00:31:40.839 - like I do. We need to invest in the people who will invest in those communities. Thank you. Okay, so 00:31:40.839 --> 00:31:49.950 - first step is I would advocate for ACA subsidies to be reinstated. That's reality. I think we can actually do that. 00:31:50.722 --> 00:31:58.082 - The next step is I would advocate for a universal healthcare policy, like Kentucky or Maryland, where 00:31:58.082 --> 00:32:05.369 - you keep your private insurance, but at the same time you have a supplemental policy that could help 00:32:05.369 --> 00:32:12.801 - deal with catastrophic issues. And that primarily would be for folks who are 250% of the poverty line, 00:32:12.801 --> 00:32:15.038 - which is about $78,000 a year. 00:32:15.330 --> 00:32:21.514 - And one of my issues with that is we need to have choice, and we do have a doctor's scarcity here. So 00:32:21.514 --> 00:32:27.637 - if we go down the path of Medicare for all, the question is how are we going to come up with all the 00:32:27.637 --> 00:32:33.821 - doctors to deal with Medicare for all? So that's the issue. So that's my issue with Medicare for all. 00:32:33.821 --> 00:32:40.005 - I mean, in a perfect world, yes, I think it would work, but the question is how do we pay for it, how 00:32:40.005 --> 00:32:43.582 - do we get it through? And then the last thing, prevention. 00:32:44.578 --> 00:32:52.854 - You know, I've had the privilege of working for a number of different companies, Ford, Rolesworth, and 00:32:52.854 --> 00:33:00.970 - the like. And they actually give you, if you get a medical exam, you get a echocardiogram, you get a 00:33:00.970 --> 00:33:09.246 - dental checkup once a year, right? They give you $500. They give you $1,000 off your health care bill. 00:33:10.242 --> 00:33:16.749 - I am very interested in that because when somebody starts throwing money at me to go get a doctor check, 00:33:16.749 --> 00:33:23.133 - I'm very interested in that. I don't know about you all, but I am. If somebody says, I'm going to give 00:33:23.133 --> 00:33:29.578 - you an extra $1,500 off your health care costs, now you have my attention just to go get a dental exam. 00:33:29.578 --> 00:33:36.209 - So I'm very interested in policies around providing private insurance or health care policies, tax credit. 00:33:36.209 --> 00:33:38.750 - You get a tax credit off your, you know, 00:33:38.978 --> 00:33:46.785 - 2025 or 26 return. I think that's a very popular program. I actually have that now. And then lastly, 00:33:46.785 --> 00:33:54.979 - something that's free. It's just standard stuff. Eating healthy, exercise, and getting good sleep. That's 00:33:54.979 --> 00:34:01.086 - free. We can do that right now without costing anything. All right, thank you. 00:34:06.882 --> 00:34:13.466 - The current state of national health policy concerns me deeply. We need to strengthen HHS by insulating 00:34:13.466 --> 00:34:19.987 - it from political interference and restoring evidence-based decision-making. I would support expanding 00:34:19.987 --> 00:34:26.381 - NIH funding for both basic and applied research, particularly in emerging health threats. We need to 00:34:26.381 --> 00:34:32.839 - modernize our public health data infrastructure and ensure CDC can conduct research without political 00:34:32.839 --> 00:34:33.662 - constraints. 00:34:34.370 --> 00:34:40.418 - I'd also support legislation to address health disparities through targeted research funding 00:34:40.418 --> 00:34:47.115 - and community-based implementation studies. Additionally, we must strengthen our pandemic preparedness 00:34:47.115 --> 00:34:53.683 - by establishing permanent funding streams for research on emerging pathogens and vaccine development 00:34:53.683 --> 00:35:00.446 - platforms. Public research and implementation should be bipartisan priorities, not political footballs. 00:35:04.194 --> 00:35:10.060 - The third question is kind of two parts. What do you see as the proper role of the federal government 00:35:10.060 --> 00:35:16.328 - in protecting air and water quality? And how should environmental protections be balanced against compliance 00:35:16.328 --> 00:35:22.424 - costs in an economic development? And what do you see as the proper role of the legislative and executive 00:35:22.424 --> 00:35:28.463 - branches in creating and enforcing these environmental regulations? Okay, I'm going to use a few seconds 00:35:28.463 --> 00:35:30.878 - to rebut something that was said earlier. 00:35:31.298 --> 00:35:37.326 - about how the Republicans have been able to pass things through the Congress with narrow margins, you 00:35:37.326 --> 00:35:43.236 - forget the little fact that they have a Republican president who's been signing those. If you think 00:35:43.236 --> 00:35:49.146 - that Trump or Vance, as the case may be, will sign things passed by a narrow Democratic majority in 00:35:49.146 --> 00:35:55.175 - the next two years, I have some Swamp Land and Salt Creek that'll sell you, okay? It's just not gonna 00:35:55.175 --> 00:35:58.366 - happen. So again, we have to be realistic. We'll try. 00:35:58.914 --> 00:36:05.510 - All five of us here will try to get things changed in the Congress. I just don't want to oversell 00:36:05.510 --> 00:36:12.240 - expectations. Returning to the question, in the late 1960s, the damage of pollution was so evident, 00:36:12.240 --> 00:36:19.240 - we can think of Los Angeles smog or burning rivers that it led to the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water 00:36:19.240 --> 00:36:25.566 - Act. Unfortunately, they did such a good job that people today, a lot of people weren't born. 00:36:25.826 --> 00:36:33.647 - when that was the situation. They don't understand what's happening with the invisible pollution that 00:36:33.647 --> 00:36:41.697 - comes out of factories and carbon dioxide and so forth. The big polluters have tried very hard to neuter 00:36:41.697 --> 00:36:49.594 - the EPA for years and they finally got the right administration in place to do that. I would try very, 00:36:49.594 --> 00:36:55.038 - very hard to restore funding to the EPA and limit political influence. 00:36:55.426 --> 00:37:04.854 - Again, it's going to be difficult. We'll try. Thank you. Test. Test. OK. All right. We'll go again. 00:37:04.854 --> 00:37:14.564 - So first of all, Jim stole my lead line. So I'm going to have to check that one off. A river did catch 00:37:14.564 --> 00:37:21.918 - on fire. And that is, in fact, why we got the Clean Water Act pushed through. 00:37:22.690 --> 00:37:30.139 - But today, Indiana has some of the worst rivers in the United States. There's a lot of places you can't 00:37:30.139 --> 00:37:37.445 - fish and actually eat the fish. But it's always in our peripheral vision. We're always so focused on, 00:37:37.445 --> 00:37:44.608 - hey, it's the economy, it's the economy that we always, we get so focused over here about jobs that 00:37:44.608 --> 00:37:51.198 - we forget about, we need a place to live, right? So the role of the government is to ensure 00:37:51.618 --> 00:37:59.745 - In the simplest instance, the reason that businesses pollute is it's more expensive to do it right and 00:37:59.745 --> 00:38:07.714 - be responsible. So they move that cost off of their books onto our backs and into our water and into 00:38:07.714 --> 00:38:15.998 - our air, and that is unacceptable. The government's responsibility is to ensure that they don't do this. 00:38:16.322 --> 00:38:22.604 - ensure that they have a plan to act responsibly, and ensure that they monitor to make sure that they're 00:38:22.604 --> 00:38:28.826 - actually following through on their plan. That's the responsibility of the EPA, and that's why they're 00:38:28.826 --> 00:38:35.109 - being undercut. A quick thing, one of the other things as we're responding cross-doctor shortages, what 00:38:35.109 --> 00:38:40.606 - they're really saying is we don't have enough doctors to take care of everybody right now. 00:38:41.026 --> 00:38:47.846 - That is something Congress needs to worry about. Whether it's universal health care or regular insurance, 00:38:47.846 --> 00:38:54.345 - we don't have enough doctors to care for everybody. That is a real problem that has to be addressed. 00:38:54.345 --> 00:39:00.908 - It has nothing to do with what our health care system is. We've got a shortage. So our government has 00:39:00.908 --> 00:39:07.664 - aligned itself with corporations much more than people. And I'm not sure about the others at this table, 00:39:07.664 --> 00:39:10.238 - but I've sworn off corporate PAC money. 00:39:10.882 --> 00:39:18.768 - and we need to get money out of politics, or this climate emergency we're in does not change. We have 00:39:18.768 --> 00:39:26.500 - to shift to clean energy. We have to shift to making sure that our air quality is well, and we need 00:39:26.500 --> 00:39:34.386 - energy independence. And I wanted to tell you a quick story. Again, I live on a farm in Clark County, 00:39:34.386 --> 00:39:39.102 - and we had a solar corporate company come to the, excuse me, 00:39:49.218 --> 00:39:58.332 - How is this? Great. We need money out of politics. And then we had a corporate solar company come to 00:39:58.332 --> 00:40:07.446 - my area. And we need the transition to clean air, excuse me, to clean energy. And what happened here 00:40:07.446 --> 00:40:11.326 - is they came in as a bull in a china shop. 00:40:11.842 --> 00:40:18.021 - And they went into our local community kind of throwing dollar signs around, but not really understanding 00:40:18.021 --> 00:40:24.026 - what they were doing in terms of talking about people's ways of life, about talking about the farmland 00:40:24.026 --> 00:40:29.914 - that had been in people's families for generations and generations. And there was no real government 00:40:29.914 --> 00:40:35.860 - support for what they were doing. And there was this huge county council meeting that had three times 00:40:35.860 --> 00:40:39.358 - the amount of people that are here at it just spilling out. 00:40:39.490 --> 00:40:46.204 - And I stood up, and I stood up for solar power and that we need clean energy, but I also stood up for 00:40:46.204 --> 00:40:52.786 - the people that were there saying that we need a federal government that will prioritize lands that 00:40:52.786 --> 00:40:59.632 - aren't farmlands to put our solar power, whether that be highway dividers like they do in Asia, whether 00:40:59.632 --> 00:41:04.766 - that be brownfields or on the top of garages like in the farmers market here. 00:41:05.186 --> 00:41:13.711 - And so having that relationship to people and understanding the people that we need to gain trust from 00:41:13.711 --> 00:41:22.402 - while also standing up for science is possible. And that's one example of doing so. We need to translate 00:41:22.402 --> 00:41:31.010 - that into larger policy in Congress. OK. Well, relative to climate policy, my view is we are in a world 00:41:31.010 --> 00:41:34.238 - of trouble. There is no way around it. 00:41:34.850 --> 00:41:41.847 - I'm not going to tap dance around it. I used to work in emissions. I know the chemistry like the back 00:41:41.847 --> 00:41:48.981 - of my hand. And it's scary out there. It's just scary. Every time you turn around, there's a landslide. 00:41:48.981 --> 00:41:55.978 - There's an earthquake. There's a tornado, hurricane, you name it. It's all happening. And it's deeply 00:41:55.978 --> 00:42:01.054 - scary. And we talk about two years, four years. It's happening right now. 00:42:01.762 --> 00:42:10.197 - So we need a drastic, we need a JFK going to the moon in 10 years. That's what we need for climate change. 00:42:10.197 --> 00:42:18.238 - Five to 10 years, all fossil fuels, period. That's it. There's no way around it. We have to seriously 00:42:18.238 --> 00:42:26.121 - look at fuel cells. Fuel cells have been around for a long time. They've been successfully deployed 00:42:26.121 --> 00:42:30.142 - on NASA's programs, right? They're very efficient. 00:42:30.434 --> 00:42:39.982 - Obviously, they don't work on all applications, but the emissions is water, right? H2O, beautiful thing. 00:42:39.982 --> 00:42:49.166 - We need to look at green hydrogen to fuel fuel cells. And that's basically, you probably see all the 00:42:49.166 --> 00:42:58.350 - wind farms out in the water, they create green hydrogen, right? Or alternating current, right? So we 00:42:58.350 --> 00:43:00.350 - need to look at that. 00:43:00.546 --> 00:43:07.914 - as a potential solution, we need to be in a hurry. From a vehicle perspective, we need to be really 00:43:07.914 --> 00:43:15.429 - pushing electric vehicles. I know a lot of companies push this for a long time, but they're not going 00:43:15.429 --> 00:43:23.534 - away. Electric vehicles aren't going away. Everybody and their mom knows that we need to get off hydrocarbons 00:43:23.534 --> 00:43:29.502 - quickly. And we need to start looking at residential incentives, tax incentives. 00:43:29.986 --> 00:43:36.735 - for people to get off fossil fuels. I think, really, at the end of the day, it all comes back to money. 00:43:36.735 --> 00:43:43.355 - When you start saving folks money, either in their gas bill, their electric bill, they're going to be 00:43:43.355 --> 00:43:50.169 - very interested in what you have to say. And they're going to be very interested in signing up to author 00:43:50.169 --> 00:43:56.724 - your legislation to make those actions happen. So as a legislator, I'd be at the forefront of making 00:43:56.724 --> 00:43:59.774 - that happen, getting folks to sign up with me. 00:43:59.970 --> 00:44:08.186 - And because I'm all about saving people money. But we need to be responsible. Obviously, there's some 00:44:08.186 --> 00:44:16.322 - Department of Defense and national security exceptions that we have to adhere to as well. So there's 00:44:16.322 --> 00:44:24.699 - a balanced approach. But we need a JFK style, five to 10 years, no fossil fuels. Thank you. The federal 00:44:24.699 --> 00:44:29.854 - government must play a central role in protecting Aaron Waller. 00:44:29.954 --> 00:44:36.674 - water quality, because pollution costs the state and local boundaries. Clean air and water are fundamental 00:44:36.674 --> 00:44:43.330 - not rights, not optional luxuries. I support strong environmental standards based on scientific evidence, 00:44:43.330 --> 00:44:50.113 - not political considerations. That said, we can balance environmental protections with economic development 00:44:50.113 --> 00:44:56.958 - through smart policies like providing technical assistance to help small businesses comply with regulations, 00:44:57.090 --> 00:45:03.554 - creating market-based solutions that incentivize innovation, investing in green technologies that create 00:45:03.554 --> 00:45:10.017 - jobs, and ensuring regulations are clear, consistent, and based on sound science. The legislative branch 00:45:10.017 --> 00:45:16.296 - should establish clear environmental goals and provide adequate funding for implementation, while the 00:45:16.296 --> 00:45:22.206 - executive branch should develop and enforce specific regulations based on scientific expertise. 00:45:23.042 --> 00:45:33.086 - Both branches must work together to protect our environment while supporting sustainable economic growth. 00:45:34.434 --> 00:45:41.131 - Among the most controversial environmental decisions of the current Trump administration is the abandonment 00:45:41.131 --> 00:45:47.519 - of the 2009 endangerment finding, which establishes the role of greenhouse gases in climate change and 00:45:47.519 --> 00:45:53.844 - requires the EPA to regulate CO2 emissions. What do you see as the impact of this action, and what do 00:45:53.844 --> 00:46:00.169 - you see as the ideal role of the federal government to address the challenge of climate change? Well, 00:46:00.169 --> 00:46:02.526 - I said earlier that neutering the EPA 00:46:03.234 --> 00:46:10.988 - And in particular, the endangerment finding has been a goal for the big oil and gas company and the 00:46:10.988 --> 00:46:18.897 - big polluters for years. Clearly, I understand that climate change is real and a threat to our world. 00:46:18.897 --> 00:46:26.805 - And if elected, I will fight hard to restore the efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. I think we had made 00:46:26.805 --> 00:46:33.086 - some good steps in the right direction. We had incentives for electric vehicles, 00:46:33.346 --> 00:46:39.698 - We had incentives for using more renewables and that's kind of all been put on hold and in some cases 00:46:39.698 --> 00:46:46.112 - being rolled back. I would fight for the best of my abilities to fully fund the EPA and to isolate its 00:46:46.112 --> 00:46:52.340 - mission from political influence. And I would certainly advocate the rejoining of the Paris Accords 00:46:52.340 --> 00:46:57.758 - to climate change when we get a more rational administration in place in this country. 00:47:02.274 --> 00:47:10.215 - Climate change is real. We have a responsibility to address it. And we had some mechanisms, and we tried 00:47:10.215 --> 00:47:17.777 - to provide leadership, and every four years, we had a switch, and we backed out, and we've undercut 00:47:17.777 --> 00:47:25.340 - our credibility in the world in leadership on this issue. That doesn't mean that we can't reengage, 00:47:25.340 --> 00:47:30.558 - and it doesn't mean we shouldn't reengage. One of the things that... 00:47:31.522 --> 00:47:39.483 - that happened recently is they just repealed some of the legislation or some of the rules that made 00:47:39.483 --> 00:47:47.444 - coal-fired power plants less attractive to run, and they're firing up coal-fired power plants. This 00:47:47.444 --> 00:47:55.565 - is how far we've gotten. Coal-based energy is more expensive and pollutes, and they're advocating for 00:47:55.565 --> 00:47:58.590 - it instead of cleaner, cheaper fuels. 00:47:58.722 --> 00:48:06.300 - This is an ideological battle. This is not an economic battle at this point. And we have to understand 00:48:06.300 --> 00:48:13.878 - that, and we have to change that. One thing that we need to do is realize that we have subsidized over 00:48:13.878 --> 00:48:21.529 - the years. Every time we've had a change in our energy, we have, as a government, fostered that through 00:48:21.529 --> 00:48:25.502 - government action. And we did that with fossil fuels. 00:48:25.762 --> 00:48:33.921 - And now we're transitioning to something new. And those fossil fuel-based incentives need to be moved 00:48:33.921 --> 00:48:42.160 - over to green energy. And this is where we need to go. And we need to move there energetically, to use 00:48:42.160 --> 00:48:50.559 - a phrase, and aggressively. Climate change is an emergency. We need action now. And we have an addiction 00:48:50.559 --> 00:48:54.718 - to fossil fuels that we need to rid ourselves from. 00:48:55.138 --> 00:49:01.834 - Again, there's way too much corporate money in everything that our government is doing, and we align 00:49:01.834 --> 00:49:08.730 - ourselves with corporations instead of people, we lose trust. We lose on the issues, and the Democratic 00:49:08.730 --> 00:49:15.426 - Party has not done a great job of getting that out of its party, and I think it can start right here 00:49:15.426 --> 00:49:18.078 - in Indiana 9 by making that commitment. 00:49:18.690 --> 00:49:26.486 - in that process of changing over of our energy, in that process of changing over in behaviors of how 00:49:26.486 --> 00:49:34.360 - we have to act as a society, we can do that in such a way where we prioritize people or corporations. 00:49:34.360 --> 00:49:42.079 - And if we just say, okay, we're going to keep the wealth gap the way it is, we're going to keep the 00:49:42.079 --> 00:49:46.942 - power in the hands of those who are rulers in corporate world, 00:49:47.362 --> 00:49:54.172 - then we're just going to have other companies putting in solar and hydroelectric and small nuclear or 00:49:54.172 --> 00:50:01.115 - whatever it might be with the same wealth gap. This actually is a moment in time that is an opportunity 00:50:01.115 --> 00:50:08.125 - for us to dovetail our desire to bring power back to people and our desire to clean up this environment. 00:50:08.125 --> 00:50:14.801 - We need to do so by making sure that whatever government money goes to this goes to workers as much 00:50:14.801 --> 00:50:16.670 - as it goes to corporations. 00:50:17.762 --> 00:50:25.377 - And that is the basics of making sure that people get power back in their hands. OK, I want to veer 00:50:25.377 --> 00:50:33.145 - off topic just for a second. If anybody challenges you on climate change, I want you to point them to 00:50:33.145 --> 00:50:40.913 - our good friends, the actuary scientists who works for all the insurance companies. They're very good 00:50:40.913 --> 00:50:45.406 - at numbers, and all you have to do is tell them, well, why 00:50:45.570 --> 00:50:51.920 - aren't they insuring a lot of properties down in Florida on the coastline? Because if you go down there 00:50:51.920 --> 00:50:58.088 - on the coastline, a lot of these communities, there's no insurance. Insurance companies won't insure 00:50:58.088 --> 00:51:04.255 - property along the coastline. Just a little side note. That's just something I deal with when people 00:51:04.255 --> 00:51:10.789 - say there's no climate change. I point them to the actuaries, and then they're like, OK, I'm good. Anyway, 00:51:10.789 --> 00:51:12.254 - back to climate change. 00:51:12.770 --> 00:51:20.100 - So something that's not talked a lot about is we call this circular economy. The circular economy is 00:51:20.100 --> 00:51:27.793 - recycling, bottles, glass, cans, and such. We need to expand that to building materials, concrete, steel, 00:51:27.793 --> 00:51:35.485 - because it's been studied over time that concrete kicks off a lot of carbon dioxide if you pour concrete, 00:51:35.485 --> 00:51:40.638 - so much so it rivals the transportation system. So we need to look at, 00:51:41.186 --> 00:51:49.383 - You know, developing policies that encouraging not concrete or other alternative forms to build buildings 00:51:49.383 --> 00:51:57.193 - that are equally or great or strong in terms of strength levels. And we need to look at tax policies 00:51:57.193 --> 00:52:05.081 - that give tax credits for builders who do that. Because that is, I think I saw in the numbers upwards 00:52:05.081 --> 00:52:10.494 - to 40 or 45% of total CO2 is from concrete and building. Huge number. 00:52:10.914 --> 00:52:18.262 - So we have to look at it as another problem we have and a potential solution that I think we can provide 00:52:18.262 --> 00:52:25.541 - relative to dealing with the climate crisis. And then obviously, we have a lot of power society on what 00:52:25.541 --> 00:52:32.609 - we do with our dollars, right? We can buy a gas engine or we can buy an electric vehicle. We can buy 00:52:32.609 --> 00:52:38.558 - investing causes, you know, for the stock market, for example. We can buy, you know, 00:52:39.266 --> 00:52:46.857 - certain stocks and bonds from a company that supports climate change, or we can buy from companies that 00:52:46.857 --> 00:52:54.156 - support fossil fuels. We have a lot of power as consumers to directly impact climate policy by just 00:52:54.156 --> 00:53:01.746 - watching where we spend our dollars. And I truly believe we just need to make the public aware of that. 00:53:01.746 --> 00:53:09.118 - I think once people really realize where their dollars are going and how it's impacting the climate, 00:53:09.666 --> 00:53:16.618 - I think that would change people's minds because I'm deeply concerned about not only our future here 00:53:16.618 --> 00:53:23.915 - on the table, but my kids' future, your kids' grandkids' future in this planet. And I would do everything 00:53:23.915 --> 00:53:30.936 - as the 9th Congressional District to support those policies that make our economy stable, support our 00:53:30.936 --> 00:53:37.406 - economy in terms of jobs, but at the same time, attack the climate crisis head on. Thank you. 00:53:40.994 --> 00:53:48.231 - Abandoning the endangerment finding is scientifically indefensible and dangerous. This decision undermines 00:53:48.231 --> 00:53:55.603 - the EPA's ability to regulate greenhouse gases and delays critical climate action. I would support immediate 00:53:55.603 --> 00:54:02.637 - legislation to codify the endangerment finding into law, making it harder to overturn administratively. 00:54:02.637 --> 00:54:07.710 - Additionally, I'd propose a comprehensive climate action package including 00:54:07.842 --> 00:54:14.762 - carbon pricing with dividends returned to households, expanded tax credits for renewable energy development, 00:54:14.762 --> 00:54:21.238 - infrastructure investments in climate resilience, and research funding for carbon capture and storage 00:54:21.238 --> 00:54:27.587 - technologies. We should also rejoin the international climate agreements and take a leadership role 00:54:27.587 --> 00:54:34.000 - in emissions reduction. The science is clear. We need bold action now to avoid catastrophic warming, 00:54:34.000 --> 00:54:36.222 - and the economic costs of inaction 00:54:36.450 --> 00:54:43.084 - far exceed the cost of mitigation. Thank you all for answering the general questions. Before we begin 00:54:43.084 --> 00:54:49.718 - the lightning round, I wanted to remind you all, if you have a question that you want to be submitted 00:54:49.718 --> 00:54:56.352 - into the audience questions pool, please flag down Adela or Michael and send in your questions by the 00:54:56.352 --> 00:54:58.238 - end of this lightning round. 00:54:59.458 --> 00:55:05.252 - Reminder about the structure of this round, these are gonna be shorter questions and you guys will each 00:55:05.252 --> 00:55:10.879 - have about 45 seconds to answer. In the interest of time, I'm only gonna ask three questions instead 00:55:10.879 --> 00:55:16.561 - of four so that we can get to the audience questions a little bit sooner. And you guys can once again 00:55:16.561 --> 00:55:22.411 - go in any order you'd like. This first question, one of the most controversial aspects of AI development 00:55:22.411 --> 00:55:24.862 - has been the growing need for data centers. 00:55:24.994 --> 00:55:31.297 - prominently within the state of Indiana, with very large demand on electricity and water resources. 00:55:31.297 --> 00:55:37.600 - What do you see as the potential costs and benefits of these initiatives, and to what degree should 00:55:37.600 --> 00:55:43.966 - local, state, or federal governments play a role in regulating data center development? I think data 00:55:43.966 --> 00:55:50.269 - center decisions should be primarily at the local level. However, I think in most cases, it's not a 00:55:50.269 --> 00:55:52.286 - good bet for those communities. 00:55:52.546 --> 00:56:01.092 - As you say, they use huge amounts of electricity, often pollute the water, and the job creations. There's 00:56:01.092 --> 00:56:09.234 - construction jobs initially, but long-range is usually like in the single digits. So you don't get a 00:56:09.234 --> 00:56:17.054 - good economic return to the community. I'm against irresponsible implementation of data centers. 00:56:17.698 --> 00:56:23.627 - That doesn't mean I'm against data centers. It means I'm against irresponsible. And we need to define 00:56:23.627 --> 00:56:29.498 - what is responsible. What does good look like? What does responsible in the community look like? And 00:56:29.498 --> 00:56:35.428 - then we need to ensure that there is an open process so that you can't have somebody come in and say, 00:56:35.428 --> 00:56:38.334 - hey, I want to start a data center, but I'm going 00:56:38.498 --> 00:56:45.143 - Let's have a secret meeting. Let's have secret agreements. Let's keep this away from the people so that 00:56:45.143 --> 00:56:51.533 - they can make decisions about their own communities. That is unethical and that's inappropriate. We 00:56:51.533 --> 00:56:58.050 - need to prevent that. Transparency is key here when building data centers. Communities don't find out 00:56:58.050 --> 00:57:00.798 - about them until after contracts are made. 00:57:01.634 --> 00:57:08.865 - And at the same time as we need to do regulate at the federal level actually, to make sure that as these 00:57:08.865 --> 00:57:15.821 - companies are creating data center that they are dealing with their water needs responsibly and that 00:57:15.821 --> 00:57:22.777 - all of their electricity needs are generated by themselves. Our grid can't handle these data centers 00:57:22.777 --> 00:57:29.182 - growing at this pace that they think that they need to. And I have a data center going up in 00:57:29.346 --> 00:57:37.003 - our backyard, almost our backyard, and they are building their own transformer there. So I feel like 00:57:37.003 --> 00:57:44.585 - that was responsible by them. It's Facebook. But they aren't very responsible with water right now. 00:57:44.585 --> 00:57:52.394 - So we do need the federal regulations to make them act appropriately. Yeah, so we definitely, relative 00:57:52.394 --> 00:57:57.246 - to data centers, we need value proposition for the communities. 00:57:57.506 --> 00:58:04.615 - It's that simple. What's the community gonna get out of the deal? Are they gonna get a five or 10 year 00:58:04.615 --> 00:58:11.586 - or 20 year revenue stream from that company? We also need transparency, right? So, back to the value 00:58:11.586 --> 00:58:18.626 - proposition. Years ago, when a semi-plant came in from GM or Ford, right, you'd see five or 10 years, 00:58:18.626 --> 00:58:24.286 - 20 years, 30 years of revenue streams. We need the same thing from a data center. 00:58:24.386 --> 00:58:32.128 - We also need responsible regulations, environmental regulations that deal with water and electricity, 00:58:32.128 --> 00:58:39.947 - like we talked about. Those are some positive things I can say. They do create jobs. And another thing 00:58:39.947 --> 00:58:47.613 - that's going on around the world is we have to deal with this from a national security standpoint. I 00:58:47.613 --> 00:58:53.534 - know we don't talk a lot about this, but China's doing it, Russia's doing it. 00:58:53.826 --> 00:59:00.404 - I was a Navy officer for 11 years. I'm acutely aware of some of the security issues. And we have to 00:59:00.404 --> 00:59:07.115 - keep up with technology. We can't let China or Russia beat us on the technology front, right? Because 00:59:07.115 --> 00:59:13.101 - if they attack us, we need to be able to deal with them effectively and forcefully. And so 00:59:13.101 --> 00:59:19.811 - we need responsible data center deployment, but we can't stop it. I mean, we have to be able to do it 00:59:19.811 --> 00:59:23.166 - in a responsible, very responsible way. Thank you. 00:59:25.122 --> 00:59:32.297 - Yeah, I've actually written draft legislation on this exact issue. Data centers need to be clean, they 00:59:32.297 --> 00:59:39.402 - need to be efficient, and they need to provide benefit for the local economy, for the people who live 00:59:39.402 --> 00:59:46.647 - there. They have to provide their own infrastructure and provide support for the community. They should 00:59:46.647 --> 00:59:53.822 - provide jobs, they should provide money, and provide all of the infrastructure needs of a data center. 00:59:54.690 --> 01:00:03.428 - And I've written draft legislation to address exactly that issue. Thanks. Thank you all. The second 01:00:03.428 --> 01:00:12.167 - question, what do you see as the role of the federal government to ensure high-quality reproductive 01:00:12.167 --> 01:00:21.167 - health care for all Americans? And that's a very loaded question, because you get very strong feelings 01:00:21.167 --> 01:00:23.614 - on both sides of the aisle. 01:00:23.778 --> 01:00:32.604 - the reality of the state, the reality of the situation right now is based on the Dobbs decision that's 01:00:32.604 --> 01:00:40.659 - at the state level. They make those decisions. And I think, basically, at some point in time, 01:00:40.659 --> 01:00:49.400 - if a constitutional amendment were brought forward, I would seriously and prayfully consider it. It's 01:00:49.400 --> 01:00:50.942 - a tough decision. 01:00:57.250 --> 01:01:05.338 - We're live again. Wonderful. So I believe that we need to restore Roe v. Wade, full stop. This is something 01:01:05.338 --> 01:01:13.052 - we need to work for. There are serious challenges because of the way the Supreme Court did the ruling, 01:01:13.052 --> 01:01:20.841 - which they passed it back as much as they could to the states, and we need to try to work against that. 01:01:20.841 --> 01:01:24.286 - We need to try to get a federal law in place. 01:01:24.514 --> 01:01:31.689 - One of the things that I am advocating for is a constitutional right to healthcare, and we can include 01:01:31.689 --> 01:01:38.725 - that as part of it. We can include the right to freedom of choice as part of a healthcare thing. One 01:01:38.725 --> 01:01:45.273 - of the things that we don't talk about very much, we spend a lot of time talking about Roe v. 01:01:45.273 --> 01:01:52.030 - Wade and choice, but also Planned Parenthood and contraceptives is under attack in this country. 01:01:52.450 --> 01:02:01.307 - When my wife and I were first married and we were poor, living poor, we used Planned Parenthood. They 01:02:01.307 --> 01:02:10.077 - provide a lot of important services to the community and I don't think that they get the support and 01:02:10.077 --> 01:02:19.020 - advocacy that they need. So I wanted to include that. Thank you. I'm an emergency physician coming off 01:02:19.020 --> 01:02:21.278 - a night shift last night. 01:02:22.082 --> 01:02:29.981 - I've drank plenty coming up here. I'm an emergency physician, and even this week, it happens all the 01:02:29.981 --> 01:02:38.037 - time, I've treated a lot of women who've been raped, and girls who've been raped. And never once, when 01:02:38.037 --> 01:02:46.249 - giving my counsel, having those conversations, did I ever consider what the government had to say before 01:02:46.249 --> 01:02:50.942 - these laws came down, the Supreme Court decision came down. 01:02:51.042 --> 01:02:57.869 - the government just does not belong in my exam room. And healthcare is a human right. 01:02:57.869 --> 01:03:05.807 - It is not, unfortunately, a constitutional right. But through privacy laws, through working to keep 01:03:05.807 --> 01:03:14.063 - the government out of our exam room, whether that means abortion rights, whether that means vaccination 01:03:14.063 --> 01:03:20.414 - rights, whether that means having our ability to make medical decisions through 01:03:20.642 --> 01:03:29.327 - AI versus doctors, whether that means having insurance companies get out of our exam room when it comes 01:03:29.327 --> 01:03:38.347 - to prior authorization. How is that legal? It shouldn't be. It will be illegal if you elect me to Congress. 01:03:38.347 --> 01:03:46.948 - And the answer here is remove the government from the exam room and we will be able to get a lot done. 01:03:46.948 --> 01:03:48.702 - Yes, I'd be in favor 01:03:48.866 --> 01:03:56.098 - Reinstating Roe, of course. I'd also be in favor of a constitutional amendment if we could ever get 01:03:56.098 --> 01:04:03.475 - it passed. And then obviously, I would definitely support funding for Planned Parenthood, any and all 01:04:03.475 --> 01:04:10.779 - those services for women to support women. I'm per women's choice, so I truly believe in funding and 01:04:10.779 --> 01:04:14.974 - supporting whatever women need in that regard. Thank you. 01:04:17.666 --> 01:04:26.899 - Yeah, I actually wrote health care legislation on my website. It specifically defines reproductive health 01:04:26.899 --> 01:04:35.784 - care as health care and denial free. So that's my answer. All reproductive health care is just health 01:04:35.784 --> 01:04:43.710 - care, and you should get it without question. Last question, should the federal government 01:04:43.810 --> 01:04:51.504 - play a role in supporting or subsidizing energy initiatives to support US energy independence and economic 01:04:51.504 --> 01:04:59.055 - leadership? Well, it seems like we've been trying to do that for a while. I guess we actually do produce 01:04:59.055 --> 01:05:06.318 - more oil than we consume, but there's actually an issue with the refineries. We can't refine all the 01:05:06.318 --> 01:05:12.862 - oil that we produce in various parts of our country, so we end up having to ship that out. 01:05:13.058 --> 01:05:22.786 - and then bring oil back in from other places. We really need an overall US energy plan. Somebody mentioned 01:05:22.786 --> 01:05:32.786 - a space-shot-type program to try to bring our energy into the 21st century with heavy emphasis on renewables, 01:05:32.786 --> 01:05:41.150 - declining emphasis on fossil fuel. All of those are things I think all of us would try for. 01:05:42.114 --> 01:05:49.280 - It's gonna be difficult. The United States government was involved in supporting, which probably is 01:05:49.280 --> 01:05:56.661 - a bad thing to say in this room, but we supported whaling when that's where we got a lot of our energy 01:05:56.661 --> 01:06:04.042 - from. We supported the transition to coal. Then, we supported the transition to oil. And then, we were 01:06:04.042 --> 01:06:11.710 - supporting the transition to natural gas. And now, we're gonna be supporting, and we have been supporting, 01:06:11.906 --> 01:06:19.737 - to renewable. This is not a new thing. This is something that we have done for a couple hundred years, 01:06:19.737 --> 01:06:27.416 - right? So this is a core responsibility of the government to, for the federal government, to look at 01:06:27.416 --> 01:06:35.172 - what our energy policy is, what makes sense at one year from now, what makes sense 10 years from now, 01:06:35.172 --> 01:06:40.798 - and what makes sense 100 years from now. And how do we get to that point? 01:06:40.898 --> 01:06:46.913 - And if we're going to transition sometime in the next 100 years to a better, cleaner energy, how do 01:06:46.913 --> 01:06:52.928 - we do that quicker instead of slower? We need to be at the leading edge. That is the purpose of the 01:06:52.928 --> 01:06:59.184 - government, is to work on big things, especially when initially they are not profitable, and eventually 01:06:59.184 --> 01:07:05.259 - they become profitable, like solar and like wind was. A big, beautiful bill is an abomination. A lot 01:07:05.259 --> 01:07:07.966 - of people think of it as a health care bill. 01:07:08.098 --> 01:07:16.808 - tax bill, it's also an energy bill, where pretty much every incentive you had to get clean energy has 01:07:16.808 --> 01:07:25.603 - been rolled back. And we have incentivized people to invest in fossil fuels by really manipulating the 01:07:25.603 --> 01:07:33.374 - capital gains tax. And so that needs to be torpedoed using your whale analogy immediately. 01:07:33.762 --> 01:07:40.655 - And I just want to say one thing. This is a moment. This is an emergency, climate change, but this is 01:07:40.655 --> 01:07:47.413 - a moment that we can actually bring people together. I've knocked on thousands of doors. People are 01:07:47.413 --> 01:07:54.306 - mad about gasoline prices right now. And it does not matter if you are a Republican or an Independent 01:07:54.306 --> 01:08:01.402 - or a Democrat. We don't get unity like this in many things. And so, this election becomes an opportunity 01:08:01.402 --> 01:08:02.686 - to get into office 01:08:02.818 --> 01:08:10.784 - and bring some people together. So yeah, my first step in office would be to repeal and replace the 01:08:10.784 --> 01:08:18.830 - big, beautiful disaster of a bill. It's that simple. It's an abomination. So anyway, back to energy. 01:08:18.830 --> 01:08:27.115 - Solar panels seem to be working. Solar panels, years ago, they were like, oh, that's a pipe dream. It's 01:08:27.115 --> 01:08:30.302 - not cost effective. It's not efficient. 01:08:30.530 --> 01:08:37.668 - But actually, they're starting to shut down some power plants because how cost-effective and how efficient 01:08:37.668 --> 01:08:44.672 - solar panels are. So that's amazing how the market is working. If we continue to do that, that's a clean 01:08:44.672 --> 01:08:51.409 - energy policy that is effective, and that's actually saving folks money because there's tax credits. 01:08:51.409 --> 01:08:54.878 - While there was tax credits, now they stopped them. 01:08:54.978 --> 01:09:02.190 - You know, as a House representative, a newly elected official, I would obviously advocate to have those 01:09:02.190 --> 01:09:09.403 - reinstated. You know, it'd be really hard the first two years, of course, until we get a new president, 01:09:09.403 --> 01:09:16.407 - but obviously I'd advocate for those. And we need to continue to look at other recycling policies. I 01:09:16.407 --> 01:09:23.550 - talked earlier about the circular economy and other alternative fuels. We need to continue to do that. 01:09:23.650 --> 01:09:31.935 - And I also talk, and by the way, Jim, it was me talking about JFK, man to the moon, that was me, Jim. 01:09:31.935 --> 01:09:39.652 - Yeah, but we need a JFK-style man to the moon in 10 years with the climate change. No kidding, 01:09:39.652 --> 01:09:47.856 - has to happen, quickly. You see the markers all over the planet, right? The global temperature keeps 01:09:47.856 --> 01:09:53.054 - going up and up and up, and it's not going down, unfortunately. 01:09:53.218 --> 01:10:01.519 - So anyway, that's kind of my policies on energy independence, and we need to continue to advocate and 01:10:01.519 --> 01:10:09.657 - basically cancel what the Trump administration's doing and reinstitute those policies so we can get 01:10:09.657 --> 01:10:17.958 - an active and have them really supercharge the industrial base to encourage financially people to buy 01:10:17.958 --> 01:10:23.166 - that product so we can limit the CO2 and methane gas emissions. 01:10:23.298 --> 01:10:33.450 - Thank you. Yeah, I'm pro-wind, pro-solar, and pro-new nuclear. Those molten salt reactors are the bee's 01:10:33.450 --> 01:10:43.407 - knees. I mean, I would have one in my backyard if I could. I mean, I burn 3,000 kilowatts a month. So 01:10:43.407 --> 01:10:48.190 - nuclear's about the only way I could go. Thanks. 01:10:49.858 --> 01:10:56.362 - Now we're moving on to audience questions and Tyler is going to take this over. All right. Yep. Thank 01:10:56.362 --> 01:11:02.993 - you all for your answers. So we've got a lot of audience questions here now. We're not going to be able 01:11:02.993 --> 01:11:09.497 - to get to all of those. So again, I'll remind you, we'd love to see some of you at Lenny's afterwards 01:11:09.497 --> 01:11:15.874 - if you have further questions. So let's actually reverse order here. So we'll start with you Floyd, 01:11:15.874 --> 01:11:16.894 - this first one. 01:11:18.370 --> 01:11:25.738 - Thousands of people throughout the country are concerned about the unregulated explosion of AI in the 01:11:25.738 --> 01:11:33.178 - accompanying data centers that gobble energy and water. Would you support a moratorium on data centers 01:11:33.178 --> 01:11:40.401 - to allow appropriate policy to be developed? I can't really support a moratorium on data centers or 01:11:40.401 --> 01:11:46.974 - AI. No other country will be doing it, and it would just put us behind to do it ourselves. 01:11:47.266 --> 01:11:54.643 - We need to do some responsible funding, responsible research, and responsible development. But a total 01:11:54.643 --> 01:12:02.379 - moratorium would just put us in the backseat to everybody else. Yeah, I... I would be hesitant to institute 01:12:02.379 --> 01:12:09.684 - a full moratorium because of the national security implications, right? China and the other countries 01:12:09.684 --> 01:12:16.990 - are doing the same thing. But like I said earlier, we need to have responsible environmental policies 01:12:17.218 --> 01:12:24.151 - we need to have a clear value proposition for that community. And when I mean value proposition, I want 01:12:24.151 --> 01:12:30.951 - to see tax revenues going into that community, roads, bridges, schools, additional funding to support 01:12:30.951 --> 01:12:37.150 - that community if they're putting in a data center in the backyard. And then we also have to 01:12:37.150 --> 01:12:44.217 - have transparency, of course. We can't have a shadowy company coming in building a data center and nobody 01:12:44.217 --> 01:12:45.150 - knowing who's 01:12:45.378 --> 01:12:52.939 - who the company is, where the materials are coming from. So that's kind of my position on AI moratorium. 01:12:52.939 --> 01:13:00.140 - Thank you. You can't build a data center unless you comply to our environmental regulations, water, 01:13:00.140 --> 01:13:07.413 - electricity, to our local community needs. That should be the law. That will be the law that I would 01:13:07.413 --> 01:13:14.110 - pass. So in that way, if you want to call that a moratorium, great, but I'm pretty sure that 01:13:14.306 --> 01:13:23.766 - Google, Facebook, whomever can do that immediately, and still build the building, and still build their 01:13:23.766 --> 01:13:32.770 - data centers. So moratorium with regulations. We should immediately pass legislation that requires 01:13:32.770 --> 01:13:39.774 - transparency. That's the first thing. Let's start with getting transparency. 01:13:40.066 --> 01:13:48.338 - and then we also need to engage the EPA, and then we need to fund the EPA so that they can do proper 01:13:48.338 --> 01:13:56.691 - enforcement. So there's things that we can do now that we're not, and one of the reasons is that what 01:13:56.691 --> 01:14:05.209 - they've done is they write a law, and then the EPA comes up with policy and implementation. And through 01:14:05.209 --> 01:14:08.894 - recent Supreme Court, they said, no, no, no. 01:14:09.026 --> 01:14:15.728 - you've got to go off of the law, you can't go off of the regulations. Which means that it's pushed it 01:14:15.728 --> 01:14:22.299 - back into the responsibility of Congress to act. And that's not an excuse for us not to act. That's 01:14:22.299 --> 01:14:28.870 - why I want to get into Congress, because we need to write legislation that actually addresses these 01:14:28.870 --> 01:14:35.966 - quickly. And we should be able to do that as quickly as we can get a law passed that would be a moratorium. 01:14:36.962 --> 01:14:43.908 - to center, so I'll address the AI situation. I think we should all be aware that because of the nature 01:14:43.908 --> 01:14:50.787 - of these deep artificial neural networks, there are two key technical shortcomings. The first is that 01:14:50.787 --> 01:14:57.599 - unlike the earlier rule-based systems that they had some years ago, these new systems can in general 01:14:57.599 --> 01:15:00.094 - explain how they do their reasoning. 01:15:00.642 --> 01:15:06.309 - They're just interconnected networks, and they've done iterative adjustment of the weights until they 01:15:06.309 --> 01:15:12.088 - reach a stability point, and then they give it a prompt and a result is created, and they can't explain 01:15:12.088 --> 01:15:17.810 - it. And the even more scary thing is, you're probably all aware of it, sometimes they just simply make 01:15:17.810 --> 01:15:23.422 - things up. Facts and citations and everything else. They cheerfully refer to that as hallucinations. 01:15:23.874 --> 01:15:30.827 - And then they say, well, we should use this for medicine, and we should use this for this and that, 01:15:30.827 --> 01:15:37.989 - and for military applications. That's ludicrous. Obviously, we need some guardrails on the development 01:15:37.989 --> 01:15:44.942 - and deployment of AI. We need guardrails about children being exposed to chatbots. And beyond that, 01:15:44.942 --> 01:15:48.766 - my opinion is that strict liability laws should apply. 01:15:48.866 --> 01:15:54.524 - Someone is injured as a result of AI, the company that developed that should pay for it and should be 01:15:54.524 --> 01:16:00.182 - accountable. You have a bunch of good lawyers in Bloomington and lots of other places that would hold 01:16:00.182 --> 01:16:06.007 - these people and would probably they might think twice about some of the things that they would release. 01:16:06.007 --> 01:16:11.609 - Thank you. So for our second one, again, start with you, Floyd. What will be the first bill you will 01:16:11.609 --> 01:16:15.326 - introduce in the twenty twenty seven twenty twenty eight Congress? 01:16:16.898 --> 01:16:25.264 - That's a good question because I have an app that I call the Congress app and where all my constituents 01:16:25.264 --> 01:16:33.951 - get to vote on which bills they like and I've written like 26 of them and So whichever ones my constituents 01:16:33.951 --> 01:16:41.995 - decide they want me to push first is what I push first. I Don't have a personal priority All right, 01:16:41.995 --> 01:16:45.534 - I'm gonna tell you a little bit about me so 01:16:46.594 --> 01:16:52.158 - Couple jobs ago, I was sitting at a desk, and I was trying to figure out this complicated engineering 01:16:52.158 --> 01:16:57.723 - problem. And I was sitting there, and I was thinking, man, this is gonna take probably two hours. And 01:16:57.723 --> 01:17:03.014 - then a friend of mine says, well, just go to the guy next to you, like literally five feet away, 01:17:03.014 --> 01:17:08.579 - and ask him, he could tell you in about three seconds. So I go to him, he goes, oh, three seconds. So 01:17:08.579 --> 01:17:14.034 - I guess that's my answer. I'm all about efficiency. I want things done quickly. First answer is ACA 01:17:14.034 --> 01:17:15.998 - subsidies. I think that can happen. 01:17:16.130 --> 01:17:24.830 - quickly. So I'm all about getting that done. Because that can happen quickly, like literally probably 01:17:24.830 --> 01:17:32.932 - in the first session of Congress. Assuming the Democratic Party or party takes over. I believe 01:17:32.932 --> 01:17:41.461 - the legislation is already there. It's just turning the key. Thank you. Our health care system come 01:17:41.461 --> 01:17:45.726 - January 1, 2027 is under threat of collapsing. We 01:17:45.890 --> 01:17:55.700 - ACA subsidies are going to have millions of people be off of insurance, but so is the Medicaid rollbacks. 01:17:55.700 --> 01:18:04.955 - There will be another 10 million or so coming off in the next 10 years. And then Medicare rates are 01:18:04.955 --> 01:18:10.878 - not going up with inflation. And all of this needs to be fixed. 01:18:11.234 --> 01:18:20.296 - immediately because we are going to move into, on day one, a system. When we take office on day one, 01:18:20.296 --> 01:18:27.294 - the same day, all of these things will start to be cut in great, very deeply. 01:18:27.618 --> 01:18:34.081 - So that is the emergency that we will have on our hands that we need to address. So before going to, 01:18:34.081 --> 01:18:40.608 - yes, health care is a human right. We need everybody to have health care. We need to roll back all of 01:18:40.608 --> 01:18:47.135 - these big, beautiful bill cuts that happened. Otherwise, we're going to lose our hospitals, and we'll 01:18:47.135 --> 01:18:53.662 - lose hospital services. And your hospital here will be even more busy than it already is. Comp check? 01:18:53.662 --> 01:18:56.414 - Good, it works. OK, so we have number two. 01:18:56.546 --> 01:19:11.040 - in my night of agreeing with Dr. Peck, and that is repealing the Big Bad Beautiful bill is really important. 01:19:11.040 --> 01:19:19.550 - After that, impeachment and removal for the Iran War. I'm done. 01:19:20.994 --> 01:19:27.796 - You asked me what number one was, and I snuck in number one and number two, and I didn't want to press 01:19:27.796 --> 01:19:34.399 - my luck and go for number three. You know, I think tonight, if nothing else, there's so many things 01:19:34.399 --> 01:19:41.201 - that need to be repaired. It's going to take the next Congress and Congress after that, and maybe some 01:19:41.201 --> 01:19:48.267 - more. But for me, the first legislation that I would push for is to restore the cuts to veterans' programs 01:19:48.267 --> 01:19:49.918 - and veterans' hospitals. 01:19:50.306 --> 01:19:58.136 - Those people put their lives on the line, and we owe it to them morally to take care of them. 01:19:58.136 --> 01:20:07.049 - Thank you. We got time for one more. Let's make this quick. What is your view of nuclear power development 01:20:07.049 --> 01:20:16.212 - in Indiana? I haven't reviewed any of the current nuclear power development in Indiana. I'm 100% pro-nuclear. 01:20:16.212 --> 01:20:19.710 - I think it can be great if done properly. 01:20:20.034 --> 01:20:28.289 - We're not gonna put any carbon reactors or, you know, no Chernobyl, no Three Mile Island, but a nice 01:20:28.289 --> 01:20:36.545 - salt, molten salt reactor would be nice. Other than that, I'm not aware of it. I mean, I've heard of 01:20:36.545 --> 01:20:45.290 - it, but I don't have anything to say about it. Yeah, I mean, I don't know a lot about the local regulatory 01:20:45.290 --> 01:20:48.478 - issues right now with nuclear fission, 01:20:49.666 --> 01:20:56.614 - if what I've heard is correct, is I'm hearing they're very efficient, and they're very efficient, and 01:20:56.614 --> 01:21:03.699 - they put out a lot of electricity. But there's a lot of concerns with the regulatory, the environmental 01:21:03.699 --> 01:21:10.783 - impacts, the cost, and everything else. One good thing about nuclear is no emissions, right, other than 01:21:10.783 --> 01:21:17.663 - you have to deal with the spent rods and such. So that has to be dealt with efficiently, like it has 01:21:17.663 --> 01:21:19.230 - been done in the past. 01:21:19.458 --> 01:21:28.103 - And to be honest, like a good engineer, I don't know all the answers. I will find them and make a good 01:21:28.103 --> 01:21:37.167 - policy decision. Thank you. We have a very interesting new pressure on nuclear to accelerate the technology 01:21:37.167 --> 01:21:43.294 - to make it smaller and even portable, which is we are going to the moon. 01:21:43.938 --> 01:21:51.558 - We are going to put a base on the south pole of the moon, which doesn't get much light. The reason is 01:21:51.558 --> 01:21:59.179 - that's where the water is. Because of that, we need small nuclear reactors that can go on a spaceship 01:21:59.179 --> 01:22:06.799 - and then land on the moon, etc. That's going to accelerate the technology greatly. I think instead of 01:22:06.799 --> 01:22:13.374 - looking at large nuclear reactors, we should be pushing on this technology to go small, 01:22:13.858 --> 01:22:22.646 - and safer, and get it to the point where, thank you, get it to the point where we are all having nuclear 01:22:22.646 --> 01:22:31.769 - be much more efficient. I wish I could support nuclear. I really do. I would love to be a nuclear supporter, 01:22:31.769 --> 01:22:40.557 - and I'm not. My feeling is, if you want to put a nuclear reactor on the moon, that is an excellent place 01:22:40.557 --> 01:22:43.486 - for it. Okay? And here's my issue. 01:22:43.618 --> 01:22:50.852 - As Kyle said, as an engineer, I wanna know the facts. I wanna know how it works. I wanna know, you know, 01:22:50.852 --> 01:22:57.810 - what the issues and what the control surfaces are, and all these details. And corporations are gonna 01:22:57.810 --> 01:23:04.905 - say, we've got it, this is what it is. And then, we're gonna have to rely on the government to do that 01:23:04.905 --> 01:23:11.863 - analysis, to make sure that they've covered it, to make sure that they implement it as they said, to 01:23:11.863 --> 01:23:13.310 - test the edge cases, 01:23:13.474 --> 01:23:19.879 - because when nuclear goes wrong, it goes really wrong, okay? And if you look at the accidents, they're 01:23:19.879 --> 01:23:26.285 - not one thing that happened that you look at it and the engineer goes, oh, yeah, I should have thought 01:23:26.285 --> 01:23:32.752 - of that. It's five or six things, and the engineers look at it and go, crap, I never would have thought 01:23:32.752 --> 01:23:38.971 - that happened. If we don't have a strong federal government that can really do its job to make sure 01:23:38.971 --> 01:23:39.966 - that it's safe, 01:23:40.386 --> 01:23:48.196 - that I can't trust the analysis, and therefore, the only place I want that stuff to be is on the moon. 01:23:48.196 --> 01:23:56.385 - Like all technologies, there are benefits and there are risks, and I think with the small nuclear reactors, 01:23:56.385 --> 01:24:04.120 - they certainly sound promising. A number of them being built across the country. We'll have some test 01:24:04.120 --> 01:24:10.110 - data for you pretty soon, Brad, so... Tell me again in 30 years how it worked. 01:24:13.826 --> 01:24:23.661 - because of the moon thing. But I understand you're making light of it. But the amount of technology 01:24:23.661 --> 01:24:33.496 - advancements that we've had in this country and this world because of space travel makes up much of 01:24:33.496 --> 01:24:41.758 - the technology that we have. I would give it a chance to see what's coming of this. 01:24:42.594 --> 01:24:51.390 - incredible pressures on people to come up with new technologies. And if we don't at least embrace the 01:24:51.390 --> 01:25:00.099 - possibility to get energy independence to save the world of its climate disaster, then we're playing 01:25:00.099 --> 01:25:02.686 - with one arm behind our back. 01:25:03.938 --> 01:25:10.302 - Sorry. So NASA's funding is they're going to cut it by 47%, so they're going to be doing their work 01:25:10.302 --> 01:25:16.794 - on a shoestring. I agree 100%. I want to be for nuclear. It's not that I'm against nuclear. It's that 01:25:16.794 --> 01:25:23.349 - I can't trust the government to do its job when it's politically motivated, when we've got people that 01:25:23.349 --> 01:25:30.032 - think that they can inject bleach and make things go away. When we don't have credibility, when we don't 01:25:30.032 --> 01:25:33.214 - have the trust in the government to do their job, 01:25:33.378 --> 01:25:41.518 - When they're captive to industry, we can't rely on the science because the science is being undercut. 01:25:41.518 --> 01:25:49.737 - That's my issue. I want it to work. I want us to develop it. But it has to be done responsibly. It has 01:25:49.737 --> 01:25:58.516 - to be done safely. It has to be done with oversight that we can trust. And I cannot trust this administration 01:25:58.516 --> 01:26:00.830 - and what they've been doing. 01:26:02.786 --> 01:26:09.243 - Well, that concludes our question period. So now we'll move to some brief closing statements from each 01:26:09.243 --> 01:26:15.513 - one of you. Floyd, we'll go ahead and start with you again. Science just isn't a body of knowledge. 01:26:15.513 --> 01:26:21.782 - It's our best method for understanding the world and solving problems. As your representative, I'll 01:26:21.782 --> 01:26:28.239 - bring my technical background and practical experience to every policy decision, ensuring we're guided 01:26:28.239 --> 01:26:32.126 - by evidence rather than ideology. We face complex challenges. 01:26:32.514 --> 01:26:39.481 - And that demands scientific solutions, from climate change to public health to technological disruption. 01:26:39.481 --> 01:26:46.116 - And let's be honest. Sometimes looking at our government, it feels like strange things are afoot at 01:26:46.116 --> 01:26:53.348 - the Circle K. But we don't panic. We get to work. By restoring scientific integrity to government, investing 01:26:53.348 --> 01:27:00.049 - in research and development, and supporting our scientific workforce, we can build a healthier, more 01:27:00.049 --> 01:27:01.310 - prosperous future. 01:27:02.210 --> 01:27:11.582 - I'm committed to making decisions based on facts, data, and rigorous analysis, because that's what works. 01:27:11.582 --> 01:27:20.954 - Thank you. Sure. I don't know if most of you are aware, but STEM professionals in Congress are definitely 01:27:20.954 --> 01:27:29.884 - a minority, okay? Most of them are lawyers, non-STEM-related. So we need a candidate who can explain 01:27:29.884 --> 01:27:32.094 - things of around policy, 01:27:32.354 --> 01:27:40.009 - in economics. Economics and policy have to go hand in hand. Because the reality is, as a representative, 01:27:40.009 --> 01:27:47.590 - we're going to be trying to sell and communicate why this policy improves economics from a governmental 01:27:47.590 --> 01:27:54.954 - standpoint. How are we going to be able to bring in higher tax revenues? How are we going to be able 01:27:54.954 --> 01:27:59.838 - to create jobs? It really all comes back to economics and dollars. 01:27:59.938 --> 01:28:06.685 - So we have to create STEM policies that drive that home. I believe I am the candidate that can effectively 01:28:06.685 --> 01:28:12.991 - do that with a cross-function of groups. I spent 11 years in the Navy. I used to deal with two, 300 01:28:12.991 --> 01:28:19.234 - folks in my battalions. I was a production supervisor. I used to deal with many folks in different 01:28:19.234 --> 01:28:25.666 - communities. And I have that experience and breadth and background to be able to communicate and work 01:28:25.666 --> 01:28:28.062 - with people in different backgrounds. 01:28:28.162 --> 01:28:34.352 - and build those relationships, and agree to disagree, because you're going to come across folks that 01:28:34.352 --> 01:28:40.604 - you just, quite frankly, you have to disagree with. But at the same time, you have to be able to talk 01:28:40.604 --> 01:28:46.855 - to them at a human level, ask them about their family, ask them about how they're doing, and learn to 01:28:46.855 --> 01:28:53.474 - agree to disagree, but be civil. Because if you build relationships, if you know how to build relationships 01:28:53.474 --> 01:28:55.742 - in this job, you will be successful. 01:28:55.842 --> 01:29:01.672 - People will come up to you and help you support your legislation when you didn't think would show up. 01:29:01.672 --> 01:29:07.617 - And that's what the job is. It's relationship building. It's a leadership. It's being able to deal with 01:29:07.617 --> 01:29:13.618 - folks from all across the country and to get them on board with your legislation. You have to have those 01:29:13.618 --> 01:29:19.506 - people skills. You have to have that empathy. And you have to have that human contact, asking them how 01:29:19.506 --> 01:29:22.878 - they're doing, how their family's doing. Get to know them. 01:29:23.458 --> 01:29:29.808 - Because that's how you build those relationships. That's how you get things done for our community. 01:29:29.808 --> 01:29:35.840 - My name's Kyle Rourke. I appreciate if you just go to KyleRourke.com and appreciate your vote. 01:29:35.840 --> 01:29:42.190 - Thank you. I think we've seen from a lot of these questions here that science is one of the answers 01:29:42.190 --> 01:29:48.858 - to save the world, is to save our environment and save so many things. And I spent my career translating 01:29:48.858 --> 01:29:52.350 - science into real life, whether that be by the bedside 01:29:52.770 --> 01:29:59.753 - to policymakers. I spent years in DC doing bipartisan legislation to make telemedicine a reality. And 01:29:59.753 --> 01:30:06.941 - with public, the public in southern Indiana. So I say about Indiana 9, it's a microcosm of America right 01:30:06.941 --> 01:30:13.856 - here when it comes to science. It's pretty incredible. We have this world-class research institution 01:30:13.856 --> 01:30:17.758 - that we're sitting in right alongside a rural community. 01:30:17.922 --> 01:30:24.604 - In that rural community, just like rural communities across the United States, skepticism is real. And 01:30:24.604 --> 01:30:31.675 - our future does depend on the translation to those people of what's happening. So this line of communication 01:30:31.675 --> 01:30:38.292 - of what's happening here in Bloomington to those people in Bedford, but then back to the people in DC 01:30:38.292 --> 01:30:44.909 - who support the actual research and policy to make the people here in Bloomington actually be able to 01:30:44.909 --> 01:30:46.206 - do their work, that 01:30:46.498 --> 01:30:54.695 - Circle is broken right now because trust is broken. And we need leadership that can bridge that world 01:30:54.695 --> 01:31:02.812 - between facts and belief. And that's the work I've done. That's the work I'm ready to do. And if you 01:31:02.812 --> 01:31:11.171 - have your trust in me and your vote this May 5th, I will bring that work to DC. Thank you so much. This 01:31:11.171 --> 01:31:13.662 - planet is not our inheritance. 01:31:14.082 --> 01:31:22.645 - This planet was given to us in trust from our parents to give to their grandchildren. It's what we passed 01:31:22.645 --> 01:31:30.884 - down. It's not something that we use up so that it's all used up the day after we die. It's something 01:31:30.884 --> 01:31:39.043 - that we have a responsibility to future generations and to ourself. And economics is always, there's 01:31:39.043 --> 01:31:43.486 - always this pull between economics and the environment 01:31:44.258 --> 01:31:52.498 - And what are we going to do? And the answer is always, unfortunately, economics, right? Our environment 01:31:52.498 --> 01:32:00.658 - loses so often in that tug of war. And one of the things that's really nice about science is it begins 01:32:00.658 --> 01:32:08.581 - to give us answers to how we can balance that better and how we can move forward and optimize those 01:32:08.581 --> 01:32:14.206 - two things that people are trying to keep an eye on. It is our future. 01:32:14.658 --> 01:32:21.206 - it is at risk, it is being undermined. And that's why I want to go to Congress to fight for this. 01:32:21.206 --> 01:32:28.289 - You know, when I talk about fighting, I'm not talking about duking it out or having a knife fight. Sorry, 01:32:28.289 --> 01:32:34.972 - for those of you that weren't in the other... he sometimes references knife fights, so that was not 01:32:34.972 --> 01:32:41.854 - a threat, so don't anybody get triggered. But it's about standing our ground and saying, these are our 01:32:41.854 --> 01:32:44.126 - values, these are our priorities, 01:32:44.578 --> 01:32:51.450 - and helping people understand why we see this and understand why it's in their best interest. It is 01:32:51.450 --> 01:32:58.528 - about relationships. It is about trust. But that doesn't mean that we have to lose ourselves and blend 01:32:58.528 --> 01:33:06.087 - in with the people that are causing this mess. It just means that we can disagree without being disagreeable. 01:33:06.087 --> 01:33:10.142 - And we need to stand up for what we believe in. Thank you. 01:33:12.930 --> 01:33:19.594 - Yeah, the actual quote, Brad, was that we're in a street fight for our democracy. And I can handle a 01:33:19.594 --> 01:33:26.192 - street fight. As I said in my opening, I've been a science guy all my life. If elected, I would put 01:33:26.192 --> 01:33:33.186 - a high priority in trying to bring back rational problem solving and particularly looking for compromises 01:33:33.186 --> 01:33:39.454 - that lead to win-win solutions. They're out there. We just need to apply ourselves to do that. 01:33:40.034 --> 01:33:47.368 - I would certainly do my best to try to bring back the independence of the National Science Foundation 01:33:47.368 --> 01:33:54.702 - and maintain its funding. I would do my very best to fully fund the EPA and isolate it from political 01:33:54.702 --> 01:34:02.395 - influence. The other thing I think is that I have the technical background, including a PhD in the science 01:34:02.395 --> 01:34:06.206 - area, applied science, and I think I'm capable of... 01:34:06.434 --> 01:34:13.849 - very capable of analyzing the new technical challenges that we face in things like artificial intelligence, 01:34:13.849 --> 01:34:20.851 - small nuclear reactors, and cybersecurity. I've been through the rounds of actually writing proposals 01:34:20.851 --> 01:34:27.854 - to the National Science Foundation, to DARPA, and other places. I know how that science works. I know 01:34:27.854 --> 01:34:33.278 - how important that is. I would appreciate your vote on May the 5th. Thank you. 01:34:34.850 --> 01:34:41.874 - Thank you all. I'll hand it over to Michael now for the closing remarks. No real remarks. I just want 01:34:41.874 --> 01:34:49.243 - to thank our candidates for doing a beautiful job here, showing us how it's done in a civil and thoughtful 01:34:49.243 --> 01:34:56.474 - manner. Again, round of applause for everybody at the library who's helped us set this up. And big kudos 01:34:56.474 --> 01:35:03.774 - to the leaders of Advocates for Science at IU, especially Emma and Tyler, for doing such a beautiful job. 01:35:04.354 --> 01:35:10.661 - I want to remind you that we have got to be out of this building in seven minutes, but the good news 01:35:10.661 --> 01:35:17.405 - is, if you're willing, I don't know how many of you can join us, but we have a few tables reserved upstairs 01:35:17.405 --> 01:35:23.837 - at Lenny's, out the front door, down a block and a half to the left, just before the sample gates, and 01:35:23.837 --> 01:35:29.894 - we can continue some conversation. And also, we're going to invite all the candidates, including 01:35:29.894 --> 01:35:34.078 - Representative Houchin, to submit answers if you'd like in writing 01:35:34.210 --> 01:35:38.110 - as a follow-up. Okay, thanks everybody and thanks for being here.